Pies are defined by their crusts. A filled pie (also single-crust or bottom-crust or tart), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open. A top-crust pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking. A two-crust pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell. Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs. Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to those designed for multiple servings.

The origin of the English word 'pie' is actually rather mysterious. The first known use of the word 'pie' appears in 1303 in the expense accounts of the Bolton Priory in Yorkshire. However, the Oxford English Dictionary is uncertain to its origin and says 'no further related word is known outside English'. A possible origin is that the word 'pie' is connected with a word used in farming to indicate 'a collection of things made into a heap', for example a heap of potatoes covered with earth. One source of the word "pie" may be the magpie, a "bird known for collecting odds and ends in its nest"; the connection could be that Medieval pies also contained many different animal meats, including chickens, crows, pigeons and rabbits. One 1450 recipe for “grete pyes” that might support the "magpie" etymology contained what Charles Perry called "odds and ends", including: "...beef, beef suet, capons, hens, both mallard and teal ducks, rabbits, woodcocks and large birds such as herons and storks, plus beef marrow, hard-cooked egg yolks, dates, raisins and prunes".

Historically, early pies were in the form of flat, round or freeform crusty cakes (represented by modern galettes) consisting of a crust of ground oats, wheat, rye, or barley containing honey inside. These galettes developed into a form of early sweet pastry or desserts, evidence of which can be found on the tomb walls of the Pharaoh Ramesses II, who ruled from 1304 to 1237 BC, located in the Valley of the Kings. Sometime before 2000 BC, a recipe for chicken pie was written on a tablet in Sumer.

The Romans made a plain pastry of flour, oil, and water to cover meats and fowls which were baked, thus keeping in the juices. However, these were more like the practice of clay baking, where the covering was meant to protect the goods baked inside from the direct heat or the fire and the pastry cover was intended to be discarded and not eaten. This was also the common practice in the early modern period and persists for the cooking of fish even today. It should be noted, however that the 1st-century Roman cookbook Apicius (De Re Coquinaria) makes various mentions of recipes which involve a pie case. By 160 BC, Roman statesman Marcus Porcius Cato (234–149 BC), who wrote De Agri Cultura, notes the recipe for the most popular pie/cake called placenta.

In the early Medieval period the earliest pie doughs were probably an inedible, stiff mixture of rye flour and water. The earliest pie recipes refer to coffyns (the word actually used for a basket or box), with straight sealed sides and a top; open-top pies were called traps. Until the mid-16th century this British pie dough known as "coffyn" was used as a baking dish. These pies were meant to be eaten with the hands. The hardened coffyn pastry was not necessarily eaten, its function being to contain the filling for baking, and to extend its shelf-life. Indeed, the thick crust was so sturdy it had to be cracked open to get to the filling.

The first unequivocal reference to pie in a written source is in the 14th century (Oxford English Dictionary sb pie). The eating of mince pies during festive periods is a tradition that dates back to the 13th century, as the returning Crusaders brought pie recipes containing "meats, fruits and spices". Some pies contained cooked rabbits, frogs, crows, and pigeons. In 1390, the English cookbook A Forme of Cury had a recipe for “tartes of flesh”, which included a ground-up mixture of "pork, hard-boiled eggs, and cheese" blended with "spices, saffron, and sugar". The "coffyn" dough for the 14th-century apple pie recipe from the The Forme of Cury was probably a simple mix of water and whatever flour was available in late middle ages. The recipe included spices, apples, raisins pears and figs. The 14th-century French chef Taillevent instructed bakers to "crenelate" pie shells and "reinforce them so that they can support the meat"; one of his pies was high enough that it resembled a model of a castle, an illusion enhanced by miniature banners for the nobles at the event.

Until the start of the 15th century, most pies were expected to contain meat or fish. In the 15th century, more custard and fruit pie recipes began appearing, often with apples and figs and dried fruit like dates and raisins. Fresh fruit did not become widely used until sugar dropped in price during the 16th century. The first cherry pie is recorded in the late 16th century, when Queen Elizabeth I was served cherry pie. Elizabeth was often given gifts of quince or pear pies for New Year.

It was in the 16th century that a puff paste began to be used to make flakier pie crusts. In Gervase Markham's 1615 book The English Huswife, there is a recipe for puff paste where the paste is kneaded, rolled thinly many times while layering with butter. This made a flaky butter pastry to cover meat for pies or for tarts. There is also a pie recipe that calls for "an entire leg of mutton and three pounds of suet..., along with salt, cloves, mace, currants, raisins, prunes, dates, and orange peel", which made a huge pie that could serve a large group. According to Markham, crusts made with fine wheat flour required the addition of eggs to be sturdy enough for raised pies.

In the Georgian era, sweetened pies of meat and dried fruits began to become less popular. In recipe books of the period sweet veal, sweet lamb or sweet chicken pies are given alongside recipes for unsweetened alternatives with the same ingredients made for those who could "no longer stomach the sweetened flesh meats enjoyed by earlier generations". Pumpkin pie was fashionable in England from the 1650s onward, then fell out of favour during the 18th century. Pumpkin was sliced, fried with sweet herbs sweetened with sugar and eggs were added. This was put into a pastry case with currants and apples. Pumpkin pie was introduced to America by early colonists where it became a national dish.

In 1806 Mrs Rundell in her Observations on Savoury Pies in A New System of Domestic Cookery stated that 'There are few articles of cookery more generally liked than relishing pies, if properly made'. Alexis Soyer, a celebrity cook of the 19th century said in his book Shilling Cookery for the People (1860) "From childhood we eat pies - from girlhood to boyhood we eat pies - in fact, pies in England may be considered as one of our best companions du voyage through life. It is we who leave them behind, not they who leave us; for our children and grandchildren will be as fond of pies as we have been; therefore it is needful that we should learn how to make them, and make them well! Believe me, I am not jesting, but if all the spoilt pies made in London on one single Sunday were to be exhibited in a row beside a railway line, it would take above an hour by special train to pass in review these culinary victims".

The alphabetical list of all the pie recipes on this site follows, (limited to 100 recipes per page). There are 605 recipes in total:

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Sweet Shortcrust Pastry      Origin: Britain	Tarten Sawrus Eog (Savoury Salmon Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Traditional Bread Dough Pizza Base      Origin: Italy
Sweet Shortcrust Pastry Dough      Origin: Britain	Tarten Sibolau a Bacwn (Welsh Chipple and Bacon Pie)      Origin: Welsh	Traditional Cornish Pasty      Origin: Cornwall
Sweet Suet Pastry      Origin: Britain	Tarten Sibolau a Bacwn (Shepherd’s Pie with Cheese-crusted Leek Topping)      Origin: Welsh	Traditional Mince Pies      Origin: British
Sweet Yeast Crust      Origin: Czech	Tarten Sipsi (Gypsy Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Traditional Pork Pie      Origin: Britain
Tafell Fricyll a Cheirch (Apricot and Oat Slice)      Origin: Welsh	Tarten Triog (Treacle Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Traditional Pumpkin Pie      Origin: British
Tandoori Chicken Momos      Origin: India	Tarten y Gororau (Welsh Borders Pudding)      Origin: Welsh	Trini Curried Shrimp Patty      Origin: Trinidad
Tart au Citron (French Lemon Tart)      Origin: France	Tartes de Chare (Pies of Baked Meat)      Origin: England	Trini Meat Patties      Origin: Trinidad
Tart de Bry (Pounded Cheese Tart)      Origin: England	Tartes of Flesh (Meat Pie)      Origin: England	Trinidadian Fried Wontons      Origin: Trinidad
Tart de ffruyte (A Fruit Pie)      Origin: England	Tartlettes/Tartletes (Tartlets)      Origin: England	Triopita (Greek Cheese Pie)      Origin: Greece
Tart in Ymbre Day (Amber Day Tart)      Origin: England	Tartys Choklet (Chocolate Tarts)      Origin: England	Tripolita (Greek Feta Pie)      Origin: Syria
Tart Pastry      Origin: Britain	Teisen Hufen (Cream Pie)      Origin: Welsh (Patagonia)	Tulumba (Fried Pastries in Syrup)      Origin: Albania
Tarte a L'oingon (Onion Tart)      Origin: Haiti	Teisen Sinamwn (Welsh Cinnamon Cake)      Origin: Welsh	Turkey and Cranberry Mini Pies      Origin: Britain
Tarte à la mangue 1 (Mango Tart with Mango Custard Filling)      Origin: Saint Barthelemy	Teisennau Jam Spwng (Welsh Cheese Cakes)      Origin: Welsh	Turks and Caicos Coconut Pie      Origin: Turks Caicos
Tarte à la mangue 2 (Mango Tart with Pastry Cream and Mango Custard Filling)      Origin: Saint Barthelemy	Teviotdale Pie      Origin: Scotland	Turnip Pasty      Origin: England
Tarte à la mangue 3 (Mango Tart with Pastry Cream and Fresh Mango Slices)      Origin: Saint Barthelemy	The Perfect Pastry      Origin: Britain	Tvarahovy Kolác Treny (Czech Cheesecake)      Origin: Czech
Tarte au Rumex Alpin (Alpine Dock Tart)      Origin: Switzerland	Thuringian Quarktorte (Meringue-coated Quark Cheesecake)      Origin: Germany	Twenty-five Centimetre Pumpkin Pie      Origin: American
Tarte au Sucre (Sugar Pie)      Origin: Canada	Timpana (Baked Macaroni Pie)      Origin: Malta	Two-crust Apple Pie      Origin: American
Tarte aux oignons de Roscoff (Roscoff onion tart)      Origin: France	To bake an Olyve-Pye      Origin: Britain	Ukrainian Sour Cream Pastry      Origin: Ukraine
Tarte aux Pommes Bretonne (Breton Apple Pie)      Origin: France	To make a florentine of veal      Origin: British	Um Ali (Puff Pastry Milk Pudding)      Origin: Kuwait
Tarte noix de Coco (Coconut Tart)      Origin: Saint-Martin	To Make a Tarte of marigoldes prymroses or couslips      Origin: England	Vanilla Pastry      Origin: Britain
Tarten Afal (Welsh Apple Tart)      Origin: Welsh	To make almond cheesecakes      Origin: Britain	Venison Bredie      Origin: Scotland
Tarten Afal a Chaws (Apple and Cheese Tart)      Origin: Welsh	To make Char de Crabb (To make Crabapple Pie)      Origin: England	Venyson Y-bake (Medieval Venison Pie)      Origin: England
Tarten Bricyll a Mafon (Apricot and Raspberry Tart)      Origin: Welsh	To Make Curde Tarte (To Make Curd Tart)      Origin: England	Verwurrelt Gedanken (Deep-fried Carnival Pastry)      Origin: Luxembourg
Tarten Bwmpen (Marrow Pie)      Origin: Welsh	To make mince pies the best way      Origin: Britain	Warka Dough      Origin: Morocco
Tarten Ceirios (Cherry Tart)      Origin: Welsh	To Make Short Paest for Tarte      Origin: Britain	Wet Nelly      Origin: England
Tarten Cig Moch â Thatws (Bacon and Potato Pie)      Origin: Welsh	Tomato and Caramelized Onion Tarte Tatin      Origin: Britain	Wet Nelly II      Origin: England
Tarten Eidion Tun (Corned Beef Pie)      Origin: Welsh	Topfenkuchen (Pot Cakes)      Origin: Germany	Wheat Dumpling Skins      Origin: Fusion
Tarten Eirin (Plum Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Torta de Frango (Brazilian Chicken Pie)      Origin: Brazil	Wild Plum Pie      Origin: Britain
Tarten Eirin Mair (Gooseberry Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Torta Pasqua con la Pasta Frolla (Easter Tart with Pasta Frolla)      Origin: Italy	Wild Service Berry Tart      Origin: British
Tarten Gwreiddlysiau wedi’i Charameleiddio (Caramelised Root Vegetable Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Tourta de Blea (Chard Pie)      Origin: Monaco	Windy Pasty      Origin: England
Tarten Jam a Sbwng (Welsh Cheesecakes)      Origin: Welsh	Tourte bretonne (Breton pie)      Origin: France	Wonton Wrappers      Origin: China
Tarten Llus (Bilberry Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Tourteletes in fryture (Honey-basted Fig Pastries)      Origin: England	Yorkshire Curd Tart      Origin: England
Tarten Planc Rhiwbob (Rhubarb Bakestone Pie)      Origin: Welsh	Tourtes parmeriennes (Parmesan Pies)      Origin: France
Tarten Rhiwbob a Mafon (Rhubarb and Raspberry Tart)      Origin: Welsh	Tractae (Pastry Sheets)      Origin: Roman

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