Pies are defined by their crusts. A filled pie (also single-crust or bottom-crust or tart), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open. A top-crust pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking. A two-crust pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell. Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs. Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to those designed for multiple servings. A pie can also be topped with other things like potato (as in shepherd's pie), meringue (as im lemon meringue pie) or frangipane (as in Bakewell tart).

The origin of the English word 'pie' is actually rather mysterious. The first known use of the word 'pie' appears in 1303 in the expense accounts of the Bolton Priory in Yorkshire. However, the Oxford English Dictionary is uncertain to its origin and says 'no further related word is known outside English'. A possible origin is that the word 'pie' is connected with a word used in farming to indicate 'a collection of things made into a heap', for example a heap of potatoes covered with earth. One source of the word "pie" may be the magpie, a "bird known for collecting odds and ends in its nest"; the connection could be that Medieval pies also contained many different animal meats, including chickens, crows, pigeons and rabbits. One 1450 recipe for “grete pyes” that might support the "magpie" etymology contained what Charles Perry called "odds and ends", including: "...beef, beef suet, capons, hens, both mallard and teal ducks, rabbits, woodcocks and large birds such as herons and storks, plus beef marrow, hard-cooked egg yolks, dates, raisins and prunes".

Historically, early pies were in the form of flat, round or freeform crusty cakes (represented by modern galettes) consisting of a crust of ground oats, wheat, rye, or barley containing honey inside. These galettes developed into a form of early sweet pastry or desserts, evidence of which can be found on the tomb walls of the Pharaoh Ramesses II, who ruled from 1304 to 1237 BC, located in the Valley of the Kings. Sometime before 2000 BC, a recipe for chicken pie was written on a tablet in Sumer.

The Romans made a plain pastry of flour, oil, and water to cover meats and fowls which were baked, thus keeping in the juices. However, these were more like the practice of clay baking, where the covering was meant to protect the goods baked inside from the direct heat or the fire and the pastry cover was intended to be discarded and not eaten. This was also the common practice in the early modern period and persists for the cooking of fish even today. It should be noted, however that the 1st-century Roman cookbook Apicius (De Re Coquinaria) makes various mentions of recipes which involve a pie case. By 160 BC, Roman statesman Marcus Porcius Cato (234–149 BC), who wrote De Agri Cultura, notes the recipe for the most popular pie/cake called placenta.

In the early Medieval period the earliest pie doughs were probably an inedible, stiff mixture of rye flour and water. The earliest pie recipes refer to coffyns (the word actually used for a basket or box), with straight sealed sides and a top; open-top pies were called traps. Until the mid-16th century this British pie dough known as 'coffyn' was used as a baking dish. These pies were meant to be eaten with the hands. The hardened coffyn pastry was not necessarily eaten, its function being to contain the filling for baking, and to extend its shelf-life. Indeed, the thick crust was so sturdy it had to be cracked open to get to the filling.

The first unequivocal reference to pie in a written source is in the 14th century (Oxford English Dictionary sb pie). The eating of mince pies during festive periods is a tradition that dates back to the 13th century, as the returning Crusaders brought pie recipes containing "meats, fruits and spices". Some pies contained cooked rabbits, frogs, crows, and pigeons. In 1390, the English cookbook A Forme of Cury had a recipe for “tartes of flesh”, which included a ground-up mixture of "pork, hard-boiled eggs, and cheese" blended with "spices, saffron, and sugar". The "coffyn" dough for the 14th-century apple pie recipe from the The Forme of Cury was probably a simple mix of water and whatever flour was available in late middle ages. The recipe included spices, apples, raisins pears and figs. The 14th-century French chef Taillevent instructed bakers to "crenelate" pie shells and "reinforce them so that they can support the meat"; one of his pies was high enough that it resembled a model of a castle, an illusion enhanced by miniature banners for the nobles at the event.

Until the start of the 15th century, most pies were expected to contain meat or fish. In the 15th century, more custard and fruit pie recipes began appearing, often with apples and figs and dried fruit like dates and raisins. Fresh fruit did not become widely used until sugar dropped in price during the 16th century. The first cherry pie is recorded in the late 16th century, when Queen Elizabeth I was served cherry pie. Elizabeth was often given gifts of quince or pear pies for New Year.

It was in the 16th century that a puff paste began to be used to make flakier pie crusts. In Gervase Markham's 1615 book The English Huswife, there is a recipe for puff paste where the paste is kneaded, rolled thinly many times while layering with butter. This made a flaky butter pastry to cover meat for pies or for tarts. There is also a pie recipe that calls for "an entire leg of mutton and three pounds of suet..., along with salt, cloves, mace, currants, raisins, prunes, dates, and orange peel", which made a huge pie that could serve a large group. According to Markham, crusts made with fine wheat flour required the addition of eggs to be sturdy enough for raised pies.

In the Georgian era, sweetened pies of meat and dried fruits began to become less popular. In recipe books of the period sweet veal, sweet lamb or sweet chicken pies are given alongside recipes for unsweetened alternatives with the same ingredients made for those who could "no longer stomach the sweetened flesh meats enjoyed by earlier generations". Pumpkin pie was fashionable in England from the 1650s onward, then fell out of favour during the 18th century. Pumpkin was sliced, fried with sweet herbs sweetened with sugar and eggs were added. This was put into a pastry case with currants and apples. Pumpkin pie was introduced to America by early colonists where it became a national dish.

In 1806 Mrs Rundell in her Observations on Savoury Pies in A New System of Domestic Cookery stated that 'There are few articles of cookery more generally liked than relishing pies, if properly made'. Alexis Soyer, a celebrity cook of the 19th century said in his book Shilling Cookery for the People (1860) "From childhood we eat pies - from girlhood to boyhood we eat pies - in fact, pies in England may be considered as one of our best companions du voyage through life. It is we who leave them behind, not they who leave us; for our children and grandchildren will be as fond of pies as we have been; therefore it is needful that we should learn how to make them, and make them well! Believe me, I am not jesting, but if all the spoilt pies made in London on one single Sunday were to be exhibited in a row beside a railway line, it would take above an hour by special train to pass in review these culinary victims".

The alphabetical list of all the pie recipes on this site follows, (limited to 100 recipes per page). There are 595 recipes in total:

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Pork and Seaweed Pie with Potato Crust      Origin: England	Rhubarb and Curd Cheese Tart      Origin: Britain	Spiced Chestnut, Feta and Squash Filo Pie      Origin: Britain
Pork Pasty      Origin: England	Rice Pudding Pasty      Origin: England	Spinach Fatayer      Origin: Lebanon
Potato Cream Cake      Origin: Britain	Rich Herb Pastry      Origin: Britain	Spring Greens Pie      Origin: Britain
Poten Bwmpen (Marrow Pie)      Origin: Welsh	Rich Raised Pie      Origin: Britain	St Clement's Meringue      Origin: Britain
Pressure Cooker Steak and Kidney Pudding      Origin: Britain	Rieslingspaschtèit (Riesling Wine and Meat Pie)      Origin: Luxembourg	St Clements Meringue Pie      Origin: Britain
Primrose Tartlets      Origin: Britain	Rough Puff Pastry      Origin: Britain	St George's Mushroom Croustade      Origin: France
Puff Pastry II      Origin: Britain	Saffron Milk Cap, Brie and Thyme Tart      Origin: Britain	St Helena Hertzoggies      Origin: St Helena
Pumpkin and Chocolate Chip Sponge Tart      Origin: Britain	Saint Helena Ginger Beer      Origin: St Helena	St Kitts Saltfish And Breadfruit Pie      Origin: Saint Kitts
Pumpkin Cheesecake      Origin: Britain	Salted Pilchard and Leek Pie      Origin: Britain	Stargazy Pasty      Origin: England
Pumpkin Cheesecake Pie      Origin: American	Sausage Lattice      Origin: Northern Ireland	Steak and Ale Pie      Origin: Britain
Pumpkin Pie with Gingersnap Crust      Origin: American	Savoury Honey Fungus Tart      Origin: Britain	Steak and Guinness Pie      Origin: Ireland
Pumpkin, Goat's Cheese and Kale Tart with Three-cornered Leeks      Origin: Britain	Scallop and Mushroom Pie      Origin: Ireland	Steak and Kidney Pie      Origin: Britain
Pumpkin, Goat's Cheese and Kale Tart      Origin: Britain	Scallop Pie      Origin: Northern Ireland	Steak and Kidney Pudding      Origin: Britain
Pupusas      Origin: El Salvador	Schwaebischer Träubleskuchen (Swabian Redcurrant Cake)      Origin: Germany	Strawberry Galette      Origin: Britain
Pwdin Marmaléd Cymreig (Welsh Amber Pudding)      Origin: Welsh	Scotch Pie      Origin: Scotland	Strawberry Knotweed Pie      Origin: Britain
Pwdin y Gororau (Welsh Broders Pudding)      Origin: Welsh	Scots Beef Dripping Pastry      Origin: Scotland	Strawberry Palmiers      Origin: France
Pyes de Pares (Pies of Paris)      Origin: England	Scots Mutton Pies      Origin: Scotland	Sweet and Savoury Air Fryer Pie Crusts      Origin: Britain
Pykes in Brasey (Pikes in Spiced Wine)      Origin: England	Scottish Bacon and Potato Pie      Origin: Scotland	Sweet Potato Pudding      Origin: Saint Kitts
Pyrizhky (Ukrainian Meat Patties)      Origin: Ukraine	Scottish Fruit Tart with Whisky      Origin: Scotland	Sweet Shortcrust Pastry Dough      Origin: Britain
Quarktorte (Swiss Quark Cheese Torte)      Origin: Switzerland	Scottish Steak Pie      Origin: Scotland	Tafell Fricyll a Cheirch (Apricot and Oat Slice)      Origin: Welsh
Quarktorte mit Agar-agar (No-bake Quark Cheesecake with Agar-agar)      Origin: Switzerland	Scottish Venison Pie      Origin: Scotland	Tart au Citron (French Lemon Tart)      Origin: France
Queen of Hearts Jam Tarts      Origin: Britain	Sernik Krakowski (Polish Lattice Cheesecake)      Origin: Poland	Tart au Citron Vert avec Sauce Cassis (Lime Tart with Cassis Sauce)      Origin: France
Queen of Tarts      Origin: Britain	Shepherd's Pie      Origin: Britain	Tart de Bry (Pounded Cheese Tart)      Origin: England
Quesada Pasiega (Cantabrian Cheesecake)      Origin: Spain	Shortcrust Pastry Dough      Origin: British	Tart de ffruyte (A Fruit Pie)      Origin: England
Quetcheflued (Plum Tart)      Origin: Luxembourg	Sklandrausis (Vegetable Tarts)      Origin: Latvia	Tart in Ymbre Day (Amber Day Tart)      Origin: England
Quiche au Saumon et Crevettes (Salmon and Prawn Quiche)      Origin: France	Small Raised Mutton Pies      Origin: Scotland	Tart Pastry      Origin: Britain
Quiche au thon et légumes (Tuna and Vegetable Quiche)      Origin: Saint Pierre	Smoked Chicken, Leek and Mushroom Pie      Origin: Australia	Tarte a L'oingon (Onion Tart)      Origin: Haiti
Quiche Dent-de-Lion (Swiss Dandelion Quiche)      Origin: Switzerland	Smoked Fish Fisherman's Pie      Origin: England	Tarte à la Bouillie (Burnt Milk Tart)      Origin: Senegal
Quiche Lorraine      Origin: France	Snow-capped Deep-filled Mince Pies      Origin: Britain	Tarte à la crème de noix de coco (Coconut Cream Pie)      Origin: Tahiti
Quince Meringue Pie      Origin: Britain	Sorrel Meringue Pie      Origin: Britain	Tarte à la mangue 1 (Mango Tart with Mango Custard Filling)      Origin: Saint Barthelemy
Quince Tarte Tatin      Origin: Britain	Sorrel Tartlets      Origin: Britain	Tarte à la mangue 2 (Mango Tart with Pastry Cream and Mango Custard Filling)      Origin: Saint Barthelemy
Rabbity Pasty      Origin: England	Sour Sauce Pasty      Origin: England	Tarte à la mangue 3 (Mango Tart with Pastry Cream and Fresh Mango Slices)      Origin: Saint Barthelemy
Raised Gooseberry Pie      Origin: Britain	Spanakopita (Spinach Pie)      Origin: Greece
Raspberry Meringue Pie      Origin: Scotland	Spanokopita (Cheese and Spinach Pie)      Origin: Greece

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