Historically, for frying, metalware is required as the temperature reached by cooking in hot oil generally far exceeds the boiling point of water 100°C (212°F). As such a society needs to attain bronze age metalwork before frying in hot oil becomes a viable cooking method. In the west, frying is believed to have first appeared in the Ancient Egyptian kitchen, during the Old Kingdom, around 2500 BCE. The Romans had special cookware, the fretale a special frying pan made of bronze round or oval in shape, with a lip for pouring. Though it must be mentioned here that Romans also had rectangular iron trays with handles for roasting or frying. "Oven-to-table ware," in the form of shallow pans and earthenware dishes was common — these are referred to as patellae and patinae. The fretale with a foldable handle (see image) was part of the field kit for a Roman soldier (see image). Frying may originally have been developed as a way to preserve food, as the frying process sterilises the food then bottling the fried food in the frying oil excludes air and helps prevent decay.

Frying techniques vary in the amount of fat required, the cooking time, the type of cooking vessel required, and the manipulation of the food. Sautéing, stir-frying, pan frying, shallow frying, and deep frying are all standard frying techniques. There are separate entries for stir-frying and deep frying and this page is about shallow frying methods: sautéing, pan frying and shallow frying.

Pan-frying, sautéing, and stir-frying involve cooking foods in a thin layer of fat on a hot surface, such as a frying pan, griddle, wok, or sauté pan. Stir frying involves frying quickly at very high temperatures, requiring that the food be stirred continuously to prevent it from adhering to the cooking surface and burning. Shallow frying is a type of pan frying using only enough fat to immerse approximately one-third to one-half of each piece of food; fat used in this technique is typically only used once.

Gentle frying or low-temperature frying is an oil- or fat-based cooking method used for relatively fragile or starchy foods. While gentle frying is most notably used to cook fried eggs, it is also used for delicate fish, tender cuts of meat, sausages, and as a first step in preparing fried potatoes. Low-temperature frying is useful if the frying fat scorches at higher heat levels (e.g. butter), or if the frying fat has flavour that the cook wants to preserve (e.g. olive oil). Overheated oils can produce unhealthy, even carcinogenic, compounds.

Pan frying or pan-frying is a form of frying food characterized by the use of minimal cooking oil or fat (compared to shallow frying or deep frying), typically using just enough to lubricate the pan. In the case of a greasy food such as bacon, no oil or fats may need to be added. As a form of frying, the technique relies on oil or fat as the heat transfer medium, and on correct temperature and time to not overcook or burn the food. Pan frying can serve to retain the moisture in foods such as meat and seafood. The food is typically flipped at least once to ensure that both sides are cooked properly. Pan frying takes place at lower heat than sautéing. This is because the food to be pan fried – such as chicken breasts, steak, pork chops, or fish fillets – is not cut into small pieces before cooking. It requires a lower heat so that the exterior of the food does not overcook by the time the interior reaches the proper temperature, and to keep foods in a moister state. However, the oil should always be hot enough to ensure that the moisture in the food can escape in the form of steam; the force of the steam escaping keeps the oil from soaking into the food. The same amount of oil is used as for sautéing – just enough to glaze the pan.

Sautéing or sauteing (UK: /ˈsoʊteɪɪŋ/, US: /soʊˈteɪɪŋ, sɔː-/; from French sauté, French: [sote], 'jumped', 'bounced', in reference to tossing while cooking) is a method of cooking that uses a relatively small amount of oil or fat in a shallow pan over relatively high heat. Various sauté methods exist. Ingredients for sautéing are usually cut into small pieces or thinly sliced to provide a large surface area, which facilitates fast cooking. The primary mode of heat transfer during sautéing is conduction between the pan and the food being cooked. Food that is sautéed is browned while preserving its texture, moisture, and flavour. If meat, chicken, or fish is sautéed, the sauté is often finished by deglazing the pan's residue to make a sauce. Sautéing may be compared with pan frying, in which larger pieces of food (for example, chops or steaks) are cooked quickly in oil or fat, and flipped onto both sides. Some cooks make a distinction between the two based on the depth of the oil used, while others use the terms interchangeably

Shallow frying is a hot oil-based cooking technique. Pieces of food are cooked by partial submersion in hot oil. It is typically used to prepare portion-sized cuts of meat, fish, potatoes and patties such as fritters. Shallow frying can also be used to cook vegetables. Shallow frying is distinct from deep frying, which uses enough oil to fully submerge the food to be cooked, and pan frying, which only uses a negligible depth of oil. t is a medium-high to high heat cooking process. Temperatures between 160–190°C (320–374°F) are typical, but shallow frying may be performed at temperatures as low as 150°C (302°F) for a longer period of time. The high heat promotes protein denaturation-browning and, in some cases, a Maillard reaction. Deep frying usually takes place at temperatures between 177–205°C (351–401°F) so shallow-frying can oftentimes be considered a less intense cooking technique. Foods to be shallow fried are commonly pre-portioned into single servings before being placed in oil. Since the food is only partly submerged, it must be turned over partway through the cooking process. Some cooks recommend cooking the "presentation" side of the food first.

The alphabetical list of all the frying-based recipes on this site follows, (limited to 100 recipes per page). There are 1426 recipes in total:

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Crempog Cennin a Chaws Caerffili (Leek and Caerphilly Cheese Pancakes)      Origin: Welsh	Cucurbitas Elixatas et Frictas (Gourds, Stewed and Fried)      Origin: Roman	Dover Sole with Salt Marsh Greens      Origin: Britain
Crempog Geirch (Welsh Oaten Pancakes)      Origin: Welsh	Cumberland Sausage      Origin: England	Draenog y Môr Gyda Saws Dail Surion Bach (Sea Bass with Sorrel Sauce)      Origin: Welsh
Crempog Gri (Currant Pancakes)      Origin: Welsh	Curaçao Pastechi di Karni (Meat Pastechi)      Origin: Curacao	Draenog y Môr o'r Badell gyda Tatws Newydd wedi Malu a Saets (Pan-fried Sea Bass with Garlic and Sage Smashed New Potatoes)      Origin: Welsh
Crempog Gri (Welsh Currant Pancake)      Origin: Welsh	Curly Dock Seed Flour Pancakes      Origin: Britain	Draniki      Origin: Belarus
Crempog Las (Green Pancake)      Origin: Welsh	Curried Crumbed Fish      Origin: Britain	Driblws (Turkey Giblets, Chinese Style)      Origin: Welsh
Crempog Traddodiadol (Traditional Pancakes)      Origin: Welsh	Curried Fishcakes      Origin: Zimbabwe	Drisheen Sausage      Origin: Ireland
Crempogau Cennin a Madarch (Savoury Steamed Leek Pudding)      Origin: Welsh	Curried Lamb Chops      Origin: Fusion	Drop Scones      Origin: Scotland
Crempogau Cocos Brecwast (Breakfast Cockle Pancakes)      Origin: Welsh	Curried Tempura Grasshoppers      Origin: Fusion	Dry Baking Mix Pancakes      Origin: American
Crempogau Ynys Môn (Anglesey Crépes)      Origin: Welsh	Cyw Iâr â Bwyd Môr (Chicken with Seafood)      Origin: Welsh	Dry Beef Curry      Origin: India
Creole Calamari      Origin: Aruba	Dabgadz Banir Boerag (Fried Cheese Turnovers)      Origin: Armenia	Dry Curried Chicken      Origin: Aruba
Creole Fried Fish with Green Seasoning      Origin: Trinidad	Dabo      Origin: Ethiopia	Dry Keema Curry      Origin: India
Crêpe dentelle (Lace crepe)      Origin: France	Dadar Jagung (Prawn and Corn Fritters)      Origin: Indonesia	Dry Rice and Fish      Origin: Liberia
Crêpe Farine de Mil (Senegalese Millet Flour Crêpes)      Origin: Senegal	Danske Omelet (Danish Omelette)      Origin: Denmark	Dry-fry Pork, Kenyan Style      Origin: Kenya
Crêpes au Nutella (Crepes with Nutella)      Origin: Saint Pierre	Daylily Fritters      Origin: Britain	Duck Egg Scotch Eggs      Origin: Scotland
Crêpes Banane Dakar (Dakar-style Banana Crêpes)      Origin: Senegal	Deep Fried Coconut King Prawns      Origin: Britain	Dulse Croquettes      Origin: Scotland
crêpes bretonnes au caramel au beurre salé (Breton pancakes with Salted Butter Caramel)      Origin: France	Deep Fried Sweet Potato Balls      Origin: India	Dulse Potato Cakes      Origin: Ireland
Crépinettes      Origin: Seychelles	Deep-fried Pork Fillet      Origin: China	Dumplings in Cold Spicy Sauce      Origin: Fusion
Crisp-fried Gutweed      Origin: Fusion	Deep-fried River Fish with Chilli Bean Sauce      Origin: China	Dundee Lamb Chops      Origin: Scotland
Crisp-fried Wood Avens Leaves      Origin: Britain	Devilled Duck Liver and Wilding Apple      Origin: Britain	Dundu Oniyeri      Origin: Nigeria
Crispy Antarctic Krill      Origin: China	Dhaltjies (Cape Malay Chilli Bites)      Origin: South Africa	Durban Style Rotis      Origin: South Africa
Crispy Crab Wontons      Origin: Fusion	Dholl Pooris      Origin: Mauritius	Easter Frittata      Origin: American
Crispy Tilapia      Origin: American	Dibi      Origin: Gambia	Easter Ledge Pudding      Origin: Britain
Croquetas de Papa y Quinoa (Chilean Quinoa Croquettes)      Origin: Chile	Djibouti Banana Fritters      Origin: Djibouti	Easterledge      Origin: England
Croquets of Meat or Fish      Origin: British	Djibouti Sambusas      Origin: Djibouti	Egg Bhurji (Spicy Scrambled Egg)      Origin: India
Croquette de Marron (Chestnut Croquettes)      Origin: Luxembourg	Dock Rissoles      Origin: Ancient	Egg Fu Yung      Origin: China
Croquette de poisson et manioc (Fish and Cassava Croquettes)      Origin: New Caledonia	Dodo Oni-yeri (Egg-coated Fried Plantain)      Origin: Nigeria	Egg Sponge with Milk      Origin: Roman
Croquettes d'ignames (Yam Croquettes)      Origin: Guinea	Dominica Cassava Bread      Origin: Dominica	Eggs Benedict Pancakes      Origin: Britain
Croquettes de Manioc (Cassava Croquettes)      Origin: Senegal	Dominica Reef Chicken      Origin: Dominica	Eggy Bread      Origin: British
Croquettes de Mboa (Cameroonian Croquettes)      Origin: Cameroon	Dominica Saltfish Accra      Origin: Dominica	Empanadas de Atun Fritas (Fried Tuna Empanadas)      Origin: Mexico
Croquettes de Pommes de Terre Dauphine (Dauphine Potato Croquettes)      Origin: France	Dominica Titiwi Accra      Origin: Dominica	Empanadas de carneo (Argentinian Meat Empanadas)      Origin: Argentina
Croquettes de Samoun (Salmon Croquettes)      Origin: Canada	Dominican Chimichurri Burgers      Origin: Dominican Republic	Empanadas de carneo (Argentinian Meat Empanadas)      Origin: Vatican City
Crulla      Origin: Scotland	Dosa (Rice and Lentil Crêpes)      Origin: India	Empanadas Dulces (Sweet Pies)      Origin: Colombia
Crumbed Chicken with Green Mayonnaise      Origin: Britain	Double ka Meetha      Origin: India
Cucumeres (Braised Cucumbers)      Origin: Roman	Doubles      Origin: Trinidad

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