Horses are domesticated and in come cultures they are eaten. Camels are not truly known in the wild, though there are feral examples and they are farmed for riding, milk and for meat. Of the South American camelids, the guanaco and vicuña are wild and the llama, alpaca, and chilihueque are domesticated. In pre-Columbian south America they were as a mix of camel and sheep (beasts of burden, for their wool and their meat). Pigs are unusual amongst ungulates in being omnivorous. Pigs were domesticated in the Neolithic, both in East Asia and in the Near East (they are attested in Cyprus 11 400 years ago and in China 8000 years ago). When domesticated pigs arrived in Europe, they extensively interbred with wild boar but retained their domesticated features.

Deer, long hunted for game have been domesticated and are now farmed; though in truth only reindeer have really been partly domesticated. Other deer species are more accurately ranched. This includes elk, moose, red deer, roe deer and white-tailed deer. The same is true for South African antelopes (which systematically are classed with cattle as bovids). Elands have proven susceptible to true domestication and are farmed in the Ukraine and Zimbabwe. In South Africa, the gemsbok, kudu and springbok have been brought into ranch farming and their meats are widely available commercially.

In evolutionary terms, domestic cows (European Cattle, Asian Cattle, Buffalo and yak) are closely related to sheep and goats (which are sufficiently closely related to one another that they can form hybrids). Apart from pigs, these remain the most widely and intensively farmed species.